There are a few badminton terms that you should be familiar with. Even if it's a casual badminton game, these terms are often used among many people.
This might also be useful when you watch badminton tournaments on television. At least you'll understand what the commentator is talking about.
I will only mention the few most important ones to make sure you don't get bored.
Alright let's begin with the common badminton terminology...
If the shuttle falls outside the boundaries AT THE FRONT of the court we call it "short".
If the shuttle falls outside the boundaries BEHIND the court we call it "long".
If the shuttle falls outside the boundaries at the side of the court, just call it "out".
Lets: given when receiver is not ready.
When a 'let' is given, no points will be offered to both parties for that particular rally.
The umpire calls for the rally to be replayed when a 'let' is given.
The score of the server will be mentioned first. For example, your score is 2 and your opponent's score is 5. Say you won the last rally. So you are the server for this rally, therefore the points will be stated as 2 - 5.

The picture above shows the name of the lines in a badminton court expressed in badminton terms.
"Baseline Smash" is a common used in badminton language, indicating a jump smash from the back end of the court.
A rally is referred to a badminton point. For example, if you win a point, you are said to have won a rally.
A rubber game is a third deciding set in a badminton match.
When both players won one set each, they will have to enter into a 3rd deciding set to determine the winner. This 3rd set is called the rubber or rubber game.